Some groups have specific names like the halogens or noble gases. Each row of the periodic table is called a period and each column of the periodic table is called a group (or family). Elements are listed in order of increasing atomic number from left to right. For example, an atom of oxygen contains 8 protons. Atomic number describes the number of protons in one atom of that element. The element symbol is almost always accompanied by other information such as atomic number and atomic weight. The atoms are grouped in order of increasing atomic number. The periodic table: The periodic table is a tabular display of all the chemical elements. The symbol for silver is “Ag” from Latin argentum, which means “gray” or “shining.” The symbol for mercury is “Hg” from the Latinized Greek hydrargyrum, which means “water-silver.” Many periodic tables include the full name of element as well and color-code the elements based on their phase at room temperature (solid, liquid, or gas). Two notable exceptions include silver and mercury. Most elements are represented by the first letter or first two letters of their English name, but there are some exceptions. For example, “H” denotes hydrogen, “Li” denotes lithium, and so on. In the typical periodic table, each element is listed by its element symbol and atomic number. The periodic table only lists chemical elements, and it includes each isotope of each element within one cell. The periodic table is structured as an 18 X 7 grid positioned above a smaller double row of elements.
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